Background & Objectives: Ardabil city with population of about 340386 is still supplied with groundwater resource for drinking. That should have optimum quality standards in different aspects. If a drinking water physicochemical parameters levels is higher than the permitted recommended levels, they may create irreversible damages. This study intended to determine the physicoehemical parameters of drinking water in Ardabil in the year 2004.Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study that has been done on 35 samples of Ardabil city drinking water resources in 2004. Most of the physicochemical parameters due to their importance and present limitations or even through technical restriction in water and wastewater laboratory of Ardabil health care centers were chemically analyzed and the results were statistically analyzed and compared by 1053 country standard methods.Results: According to the results of analyzed samples and their comparison with their related standard, it is estimated that So4, Po4 and total hardness of samples were %9, %71 & %41 respectively more than maximum acceptable level. Fluorine of samples was %57 less than the minimum recommended fluorine.Conclusion: Due to the lack of consistency in the values of So4, Po4, fluorine and total hardness of testing samples with the related standards, programming for obviation of the problems stems essential.

The aim of this study was to investigate the microbial and physicochemical parameters of Neur Lake water. Five stations (studied stations according to geographical location, water elevation, flows to the lake) were selected. Sampling was done twice in year, once in spring and summer and Autumn 1395. The microbial tests were performed including counting the total number of bacteria, total coliform and fecal coliform, streptococcus and sulfite Reducing Bacteria. The highest density of heterotrophic bacteria was in summer and at station 1 (50, 000 cfu / ml). The highest levels of fecal coliforms were at station 1 and 3 (110 cfu / ml) in autumn. The highest incidence of streptococcus was at station 3 (110 cfu / ml) in summer. The highest frequency of sulfite reduction bacteria was at station 1 in the spring at PO4mg / l, NH4mg / l and NO3mg / l in all seasons in the EPA standard. The COD, BOD and pH in some seasons were higher than the standard EPA standard The amount of heterotrophic bacteria, total coliform and streptococus in some seasons and stations was higher than the standard, due to the increase of environment and water temperature, Passing livestock in the region, and some tourist and agricultural activities in the warm seasons. Wind and water turbulence and sediment increase in the autumn were the causes of microbial contamination in Neur Lake. The lake is not desirable for fish species, especially cold water, due to the high parameters of physical and chemical properties of water.

Background: Water is an essential nutrient for animals; preserving its good quality is fundamental for healthy birds living in flocks. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate poultry water’s microbiological and physicochemical quality among farms in the Skikda region of Algeria. Methods: Fifteen samples were collected from 15 locations of both broiler and layer farms from March 2019 to May 2019. The samples, such as total coliforms, fecal coliforms, fecal streptococci, and Salmonella, were processed for bacterial analysis. The same samples were also monitored for the physicochemical parameters and heavy metals.Results: The diverse contaminations of the total coliforms, the fecal coliforms, and the streptococci were noticed at 53%, 13%, and 20% of samples, respectively. Our analysis showed the absence of Salmonella in all samples. The results for the totality of samples were satisfactory regarding pH, nitrate, chloride, copper dosage, cadmium, and lead. The study showed higher levels for physicochemical parameters like hardness (69.30±71.93 °f), alkalinity (53.3507±61.1743), nitrates (0.7076±1.1605), and heavy metals such as iron (0.1568±0.2035), cadmium (0.0056±0.0119) and nickel (0.0256±0.0512).Conclusion: The water quality at these poultry farms is far from satisfactory and presents diverse contaminations by the coliforms and the streptococci. Also, some physicochemical properties and heavy metal levels were abnormal.

The concentrations of toxic effluents released into freshwater aquatic environments are increasing day by day and affect the aquatic biota. The present study outlined the evaluation of physicochemical parameters such as water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), phosphates (PO42--P), nitrates (NO3--N), electrical conductivity (EC) chlorides (Cl-). Also, the Water Quality Index (WQI) for the water samples collected from the selected stations of the Yamuna River was calculated in order to assess its suitability for drinking, irrigation and agricultural purposes. The Weighted Arithmetic Index method was used to calculate the WQI. The WQI was found to be above 100 at all three stations, which was critical and indicated that the water quality grading fell in the E category, which made the water unsuitable for drinking and agricultural purposes. The assessment of physicochemical parameters indicated that the selected stations were badly impacted by industrial effluents and domestic sewage; thus, the river water should be treated before use to avoid water-related diseases that can have harmful effects on humans and aquatic biota.

Background and Aim: The safe and healthy drinking water is one of the vital factors of human life. The World Health Organization (WHO) and United Sstates Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) guidelines in the world and 1053 standard in Iran show the importance of safe water supplying. This study was implemented to evaluate the effect of seasonal variations (spring and autumn) on the physicochemical properties of drinking water in Sefid-allah village of Qom province. Materials and Methods: The Measurements of pH، turbidity، Electrical Conductivity (EC)، hardness، Cl-، NO3 − ، NO2 − ، PO3 4− ، NH3، SO4 2− ، F− ، CO3 2− ، HCO3 − ، Ca2+، Mg2+، Na+، K+ and Mn2+ were carried out according to 1053 standard Methods: of the rural water & wastewater company of Qom in two seasons (spring and autumn) of 2011 and 2012. Results: Based on the gained results, the mean of residual chlorine، turbidity، pH، Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)، total hardness، and alkalinity were 0 mg/l، 0. 995 (NTU)، 7. 41، 1037. 5 mg/l، 478 mg/l and 288 mg/l، respectively. The results showed that the following order for the measured concentrations of the cations: Na+> Ca2+> Mg2+> K+، and SO4 2− > HCO3− > Cl− > NO3 − > F− > PO3 4− > NO2 − > NH3-, HCO3 − for anions، respectively. The pH، and concentration of HCO3 − ، Mn2+، and PO3 4− were higher than the limited value of the standard. Also، the average concentration of turbidity، Ca2+، Na+ and K+ in spring were more than autumn. Conclusion: In conclusion، changes in seasons caused changes in some of the investigated parameters. Finally، it can be concluded that it is need to improve some drinking water quality parameters of Sefid-allah.

Objective(s): To examine the sanitary quality of drinking water in 17th municipality district in Tehran. Methods: 210 tap samples were collected over a period of 6 months (from summer to winter, 2002-2003) and analyzed for bacteriological parameters; 22 samples were analyzed for physicochemical parameters. All laboratory analyses were conducted by the contract laboratory and followed the procedures outlined in the 19th Edition of Standard Methods.Parameters assessed were temperature, PH, turbidity, TDS, EC, hardness, alkalinity, anions, cations, total colifrom count, thermo-tolerant coliforms, heterotrophic bacteria and residual chlorine. Also, the associations between the parameters were analyzed using statistical tests.Results: The results show that water in this area of Tehran contains calcic bicarbonate and sodic bicarbonate, and its overall quality is good. Based on guidelines from the World Health Organization (2003) and the Institute for Standards and Industrial Research in Iran, the quality of drinking water in the 17th district is considered to be good.The results of statistical analysis indicated that there was a positive significant correlation between residual chlorine, total hardness, permanent hardness, Ca2+, Mg 2+, turbidity, No3- and seasons of sampling. Such positive association was also observed between residual chlorine and station of sampling.Results also showed that the sampling station had no significant impact on mean values for turbidity, EC, TDS, Hardness, Alkalinity, anions and cations.In addition, no significant correlation was detected between turbidity and total coliforms or between PH and total coliforms.Conclusion: There is a positive significant correlation between residual chlorine and total coliforms. Also there is a positive significant correlation between EC and TDS according to equation: TDS=(0.55-0.7) EC.

Background and Objective: Providing safe and hygienic drinking water has an important effect on the health and well-being of society. This study aims to analyze microbial heterotrophy in the water network in Arak city and its correlation with physicochemical parameters and the material of water pipe network. Method: In this cross-sectional study, 500 sampls have been randomly prepared from the drinking water network in Arak city in a standard condition, and some variables as HPC, MPN, free residual chlorine, turbidity, PH and temperature have been measured. Findings: Evaluation of the results obtained through regression analysis has been performed. Based on the statistical analysis, HPC variables, MPN, PH and turbidity have a significant relationship with the place (P-Value <0. 01). There is a direct, but not significant, relationship between HPC and temperature (P-Value <0. 05), while free residual chlorine values reversely associate with HPC (P-Value <0. 01). Application of Pour Plate and Spread Plate Method for determining the number of HPC bacteria showed that in most cases the Pour Plate Method super performs the Spread Plate Method. Identification of the bacteria isolated from positive HPC revealed that bacillus and Micrococcaceae family have the ability to be active in high chlorine condition. Discussion and Conclusion: Monitoring of HPC is necessary as an important variable and effective in the control of drinking water bacteriological quality.

Benthic macroinvertebrates are commonly used for assessment of water quality. Usually, these insects in rivers are present, easily collected, not moving much and it is easy to detect kinship. Benthic macroinvertebrates can also show changes in water quality and as sensitive indicators of environmental change are used. Jajrud River originated from the Elburz Mountains in northern Tehran. A sampling of Jajrud River benthic macroinvertebrate organisms from a Surber sampler device with an area of 900 cm2 and mesh size of 250-micron was repeated three times at each station. Physicochemical parameters including Elevation, Depth, Flow Velocity (WatFlow), Water Temperature (WatTem), Turbidity, Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Electrical conductivity (EC), Fecal Coliform, Phosphate, Nitrate, Nitrite, Ammonium, Dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) were measured. Habitat parameters such as Epifaunal Substrate (EFAC), Embeddedness (Embed), Velocity and Depth Regimes (Vel), sediment deposition (Sedimen), Channel Flow Status (Channelf), Channel Alteration (Channelt), Frequency of Riffles (Freq), Bank Stability (Bankstu), Vegetative Protection (Veg) and Riparian Vegetative Zone Width (RipaVeg) were reviewed. Then according to bioassessment protocols and ratings based on a zero to 20, for relationship between physicochemical and habitat parameters with an abundance of benthos grouping and assessment of water quality, from CANOCO software and principal component analysis (PCA) was used. The results showed that the water quality in the downstream Jajrud is unfavorable and appropriate management measures should be taken to improve the river's water quality.